Bazm-e-Dastangooyan aur Halqa Arbab-e-Zauq
Bazm-e-Dastangooyan mein afsana nigaron ke sath sath shora ki tadad bhi kafi thi jis ki wajah se is ka naam Bazm-e-Dastangooyan se Halqa Arbab-e-Zauq rakh diya gaya. Naam ki tabdeeli ke sath sath sirf mil baithne ka bahana na raha balkay is ke wazeh maqasid bhi mutayyan hone lage.
Mauzoaat ki fehrist
Bazm-e-Dastangooyan aur Halqa Arbab-e-Zauq
Taraqqi Pasand Tehreek ka pas manzar
Taraqqi Pasand Musannifeen ka manshoor
Hawala jaat
Is ke maqasid darj zail tay paye:
Urdu zaban ki tarweej o ishaat
Naujawan likhne walon ki taleem o tafreeh
Urdu likhne walon ke huqooq ki hifazat
Tanqeed-e-adab mein khuloos aur be takallufi paida karna.
Urdu adab mein sahafat ke nasazgar mahol ko saaf karna.
Maqasid ka chotha nuqta tanqeed ke mutalliq hai aur yahi hamara mauzu bhi hai. Yahan is baat ko wazeh karna zaroori hai ke tanqeed mein khuloos aur be takallufi se kya murad hai? Kya is mein Taraqqi Pasand Tehreek ki tanqeed mein hi khuloos aur be takallufi ko shamil karna tha ya tanqeedi nazriyaat bhi mukhtalif the. Is baat ka jaiza lene se pehle is waqt ke adabi manzarname ka mukhtasar bayan zaroori hai.
Taraqqi Pasand Tehreek ka pas manzar
San 1935ء mein Paris mein aik adabi conference munaqqid hui jis mein dunya ke bade bade adeeb shareek hue. Yeh conference bunyadi tor par adab ke tahaffuz aur nai zarooraton ke liye munaqqid hui. Jis mein Gorki aur Thomas Mann jaise shehra afaq musannifeen ki soch aur fikar shamil thi. Is conference mein Hindustan se Sajjad Zaheer aur Malik Raj Anand shareek hue.
In dono musannifeen ne London mein Taraqqi Pasand Musannifeen ki anjuman qaim ki aur aik ailaan nama bhi jari kiya. Is anjuman ne Lucknow mein April 1936ء ko pehli conference munaqqid ki jis ki sadarat mashhoor afsana nigar Munshi Premchand ne ki. Is conference mein Taraqqi Pasand Musannifeen ka manshoor parh kar sunaya gaya.
Taraqqi Pasand Musannifeen ka manshoor
Jo ke darj zail hai:
Is waqt Hindustani samaaj mein inqelabi tabdeelian ronuma ho rahi hain aur jahan bulb rajat parasti jis ki mout lazmi aur yaqeeni hai apni zindagi ki muddat barhane ke liye dewana war hath paon maar rahi hai. Purane tehzeebi dhanchoon ki shikast o rekht ke baad se ab tak hamara adab aik guna farariyat ka shikar raha hai aur zindagi ke haqayiq se gurez kar ke khokhli romaniyat aur be bunyad tasawwur parasti mein panah dhondta raha hai. Jis ke bais is ki ragon mein naya khoon aana band ho gaya hai aur ab shadeed haiat parasti aur gumrah kun manfi rujhanaat ka shikar ho gaya hai.
Hindustani adibon ka farz hai ke woh Hindustani zindagi mein ronuma hone wali tabdeeliyon ka bharpoor izhaar karen aur adab mein sainsi aqliyat pasandi ko farogh dete hue Taraqqi Pasand Tehreek ki himayat karen un ka farz hai ke woh is qisam ke andaz-e-tanqeed ko rawaj den jis se khandan, mazhab, jins, jang aur samaaj ke bare mein rajat pasandi aur mazi parasti ke khayalat ki rok tham ki ja sake un ka farz hai ke woh aise adabi rujhanaat ko nasho numa pane se roken jo firqa parasti, nasli taasub aur insani istehsal ki himayat karte hain.
Hamari anjuman ka maqsad adab aur art ko un rajat parast tabqon ke changul se nijaat dilana hai jo apne sath adab aur fun ko bhi inhitat ke garhon mein dhakelna chahte hain. Hum adab ko awam ke qareeb lana chahte hain aur ise zindagi ki akasi aur mustaqbil ki taamer ka moassar zariya banana chahte hain. Hum apne aap ko Hindustani tehzeeb ki behtareen rawayaat ka waris samajhte hain aur un rawayaat ko apnate hue hum apne mulk mein har tarah ki rajat pasandi ke khilaf jad o jehad karen ge jo hamare watan ko aik nai aur behtareen zindagi ki rah dikhaye.
Is kaam mein hum apne aur ghair mulkon ke tehzeeb o tamaddun se faida uthayen ge. Hum chahte hain ke Hindustan ka naya adab hamari zindagi ke bunyadi masail ko apna mauzu banaye. Yeh bhook, aflaas, samaji pasti aur ghulami ke masail hain, hum un tamam aasar ki mukhalifat karen ge jo hamein lachari, susti aur toham parasti ki taraf le jate hain. Hum un tamam baton ko jo hamari quwat-e-tanqeed ko ubharti hain aur rasmon aur idaron ko aqal ki kasoti par rakhti hain tabdeeli aur taraqqi ka zariya samajh kar qubool karte hain.
Halqa Arbab-e-Zauq ke qayam ke sirf teen saal pehle na sirf Pakistani adab mein balkay aalmi satah par adab mein yeh aik aisi tehreek thi jis ne tamam sabaqa adabi nazriyaat ko nazar andaz karte hue insan ke bunyadi masail bhook, aflaas, samaji pasti aur ghulami ko adab ka mauzu banaya.
Bunyadi tor par yeh log Karl Marx ke nazriyaat se mutasir the aur sarmayadarana nizam ke zalim shikanjon se jakre hue be bas insanon ki aawaz ban kar aalmi zameer ko jhanjhorna chahte the magar dekhna yeh hai ke kya asnaf-e-adab ko is maqsad ke liye istemal karna durust tha ya yeh ke agar aisa kiya jaye to adab, adab rahe ga ya yeh koi aur shakal ikhtiyar kar jaye ga.
Munshi Premchand jo is conference ki sadarat kar rahe the unhon ne is ke haq mein sadarti alfaaz kahe:
"Jis adab se hamara zauq-e-saheeh bedar na ho, rohani aur zehni taskeen na mile, hum mein quwat aur harkat paida na ho, hamara jazba-e-husn na jage, jo hum mein sacha irada aur mushkilaat par fatah pane ke liye sacha istaqlal na paida kare, woh aaj hamare liye bekar hai."
Is par adab ka itlaq nahi ho sakta adab artist ke romani tawazun ki zahiri soorat hai aur aahanggi husn ki takhleeq karti hai. Takhreeb nahi, adab hamari zindagi ko fitri aur aazad banata hai, is ki badolat nafs ki tehzeeb hoti hai.
Yeh is ka maqsad-e-aula hai. Amal ki quwat par zor aur mushkilaat par qaboo pane ka jazba is tehreek ka mudda thehra. Is tehreek ko bade bade adibon ne saraha aur is ka sath dene ke liye kamar basta ho gaye. In mein Dr. Abdul Haq, Hasrat Mohani, Josh Malihabadi, Premchand, Qazi Abdul Ghaffar, Majnoon Gorakhpuri, Dr. Abid Hussain, Niaz Fatehpuri, Saghar Siddiqui waghera shamil hain.
Hawala jaat
Maqale ka unwan: Urdu Tanqeed aur Halqa Arbab-e-Zauq (70 ki dahai tak)
Maqala baraye: P.H.D Urdu
Maqala Nigar: Khalid Hussain Shah
Nigran-e-Maqala: Dr. Rasheed Amjad
University: National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad
Safha number: 38-39