Surah Baqarah, verses 30-34, mention the vicegerency of man on earth. On this occasion, the angels offered themselves for the vicegerency, but Allah Almighty stated that He knows more than they do.
Then, when Allah put everyone to the test, the angels could not explain the reality of the things of the world, and Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him) explained everything fluently. Then Hazrat Adam (peace be upon him) was made the one before whom angels prostrate, and the one before whom one prostrates is superior to the one who prostrates.
So, from this incident, the superiority of man, or at least the prophets, over the angels is proven. Moreover, the verse (أولئك هم خير البرية) is also used to argue for the superiority of man.
, Similarly, in Surah Bani Israel, verse 70, it is stated,
(ولقد كرمنا بنى آدم) This is also used to argue that man is the noblest of creation. And since the prophets are superior to all human beings, they are also superior to all angels.,,,
The research-based point in this matter is that,
Common righteous believers, like the Awliya Allah, are superior to common angels, and special angels, like Hazrat Jibreel and Hazrat Mikael (peace be upon them) and others, are superior to common righteous believers, and special believers, like the prophets (peace be upon them), are superior to special angels as well.
And as for disbelievers and evildoers, how can they be superior to angels? They are not even superior to animals in the real purpose (success and salvation). Rather, disbelievers are like cattle.